| Public / other trades nearby: members of the public, neighbours, children, visitors, Mr & Mrs Harding and other trades walking past or entering the driveway, pump and pour area | Members of the public, residents, children and other trades struck by vehicles, hit by hose or splashed with concrete, or falling into the pour area or over barriers | Driveway is private. CSCS carded operatives. Site foreman on site | 3×4=12 | Plan the delivery for a quiet time and agree it with the client and neighbours. Fence off the driveway, pump and pour area with Heras fencing or barriers and signs, and keep a separate safe route to the house. Keep other trades out of the working area during the pour, or schedule them away. Banksman controls the pavement and driveway entrance. Brief residents and other trades. Cover or fence the open pour edges. Hi-vis worn by everyone in the work area | Medium |
| Delivery wagon and pump reversing and manoeuvring on the driveway and entrance | Operatives, residents, children and passers-by struck or crushed by reversing vehicles | Banksman trained. Driveway is the agreed access | 3×5=15 | Agree a one-way or reversing route in advance and keep pedestrians out of it with barriers. Banksman in view of the driver at all times, with agreed signals. Only one vehicle moves at a time and no one stands behind a moving wagon. Do not allow reversing while people are in the zone. Hi-vis and Class 2 or 3 clothing to BS EN ISO 20471 | Medium |
| Overturn or collapse of the pump or wagon due to ground failure, drain covers, soft ground or poor outrigger set-up | Pump operator, operatives and anyone nearby crushed or struck by a falling boom or vehicle | Suppliers' operators trained. Driveway used for access | 2×5=10 | Confirm the driveway ground bearing capacity and weight of the pump and wagon before booking. Keep outriggers off drain covers, manholes and the edges of excavations and shuttering. Use spreader mats or timber under outriggers. Only the pump operator sets the pump to the manufacturer's instructions and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998. Stop the pour if the ground moves | Medium |
| Concrete pump hose and pipeline: hose whip, blocked line and pressure release, trapped hands at couplings, boom contact with overhead cables | Operatives on the hose and anyone nearby struck, crushed or injured, or electrocuted by overhead lines | Pump operator controls the pump. Hand signals or radio | 3×5=15 | Check couplings and clips before pumping. Hose handler holds the hose, with no one standing in front of the hose end, and does not wrap the hose around the body. Clear blockages only with the pump operator's depressurising procedure. Check for overhead cables before the boom is raised and keep to safe distances from them. Keep the exclusion zone around the pipeline. Emergency stop known to all. Gloves and eye protection as backup | Medium |
| Wet concrete: skin contact, burns and dermatitis, and splashes to the eyes | Operatives placing, screeding and finishing the concrete, injured by alkaline burns, dermatitis or eye damage | Operatives experienced with concrete. Welfare unit with toilet on site | 4×3=12 | Use the lowest practicable amount of hand contact by using tools, a hose handler and kneeling boards. Keep clean water and eyewash at the pour. Briefing on the risks and on washing skin straight after any contact. Remove wet clothing and boots that are soaked. Wash skin at breaks and after work. Apply barrier cream as an extra, not instead. Follow the COSHH 2002 assessment in this RAMS. Waterproof gauntlet gloves, long sleeves, waterproof trousers or kneepads, wellingtons that cover the trouser legs and eye protection to BS EN 166 | Medium |
| Manual handling of mesh, wheelbarrows, screed and floats, plus kneeling and bending during finishing | Operatives suffering back, shoulder and knee injuries and musculoskeletal disorders | Experienced operatives. Wheelbarrows available | 3×3=9 | Use the pump to place concrete wherever possible and keep barrow use to a minimum. Mesh sheets carried by two people or placed in advance. Keep the route boarded and level. Rotate tasks, take breaks and use kneeling boards. Keep loads in barrows to a safe level. Follow the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. Gloves and safety boots as backup | Medium |
| Slips, trips and falls on the boarded route, wet surfaces, mesh, spacers, hoses and cables | Operatives, residents and other trades injured by falls or twisted ankles | Boarded route to the pour. Site foreman supervising | 3×3=9 | Keep boards level, secured and clear of concrete and slurry. Lay and route hoses and cables so they do not cross walkways, and use cable ramps where unavoidable. Keep the work area tidy and wash down slurry at the washout point. Keep a lit and clear way for any early start. Slip-resistant safety footwear to BS EN ISO 20345 | Low |
| Impalement and cuts on exposed reinforcement bars, mesh edges and tie wire, and falling onto them | Operatives who trip or fall onto mesh or bar ends, suffering puncture or cut wounds | Competent operatives. Mesh laid flat in the pour area | 3×4=12 | Fit mushroom caps or covers to any projecting bar ends. Lay mesh flat and fix it on spacers so it cannot spring. Use boarded walkways over mesh so people do not walk on it. Cut ties flush and keep sharp ends turned in. Briefing on the position of ends. Cut-resistant gloves and safety boots with midsole protection as backup | Medium |
| Formwork or shuttering failure, and falls or tripping at slab edges and excavation edges | Operatives and others hit by displaced concrete or falling into an excavation or over a shuttering edge | Shuttering set out by the groundworks crew | 2×4=8 | Check shuttering is braced, secured, level and strong enough for the concrete head before the wagon is called. Keep the pump and wagon outriggers well away from edges. Pour in even layers rather than loading one side. Cover or guard any drop at the edges and keep people out of the area behind shuttering during the pour. The foreman signs off the shuttering before the pour | Low |
| Hand-arm vibration from the poker vibrator and power float | Operatives using the vibrating tools, risking hand-arm vibration syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome | Short duration, one day job. Trained operators | 3×3=9 | Keep tools well maintained so vibration does not increase. Rotate tasks between operatives to limit trigger time and track the exposure. Use the lowest-vibration tools available and check the manufacturer's vibration data. Take breaks and keep hands warm. Follow the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005. Report any tingling or numbness to the foreman. Anti-vibration gloves only as an extra | Low |
| Noise from the pump, wagon, poker vibrator and power float | Operatives, residents and neighbours exposed to loud noise | Work is short, within one day. Daytime working only | 3×2=6 | Choose quieter equipment where possible and keep it maintained. Limit time near noisy plant and rotate tasks. Agree working hours with the client and tell neighbours. Follow the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, and put up hearing protection zone signs where levels are high. Ear defenders or earplugs to BS EN 352 as backup | Low |
| Power float: rotating blades, fuel, fire and exhaust fumes or carbon monoxide if petrol, and electric supply if mains or battery powered | Operator and anyone nearby suffering blade injuries, burns, fume exposure or electric shock | Operator is power float trained. Machine in use for one day | 3×4=12 | Use an electric or battery float if available. If petrol, work in open air with good ventilation, refuel only when the machine is cool and off the slab, and keep fuel in an approved container away from ignition sources. Daily checks on the guard and dead-man handle before use. Keep others at least a few metres away. Follow PUWER 1998. Gloves, safety boots, ear defenders and eye protection as backup | Medium |
| Electrical equipment on site, including a 110V poker vibrator and cables on a wet site | Operatives suffering electric shock or burns from damaged cables or wet connections | Standard site tools | 2×5=10 | Use 110V centre-tapped transformer supply or battery tools and RCD protection. Visual check on cables and plugs before use and a current PAT test. Keep connections off the ground and out of wet areas and walkways. Cables routed away from the wet slab. Follow the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. Report and tag out any damaged equipment | Medium |
| Weather: heat, rain, cold or wind affecting the pour, finishing, and curing | Operatives suffering heat stress, cold stress or slips, and the slab suffering rapid drying or rain damage | Forecast checked by the foreman | 3×2=6 | Check the forecast the day before and on the morning of the pour and postpone if heavy rain, frost or high winds are forecast. Have sheeting available to cover the slab. Provide shade, drinking water and breaks in hot weather, and warm drinks in cold weather. Adjust working times if needed. Sun protection and weatherproof clothing as backup | Low |