| Occupied house: residents, visitors and pets in or near the work area, stairs and landing | Mrs Aldridge, household members, children, vulnerable people, visitors and pets, harmed by dust, tools, trips, wet floors and contact with chemicals | Client induction at the pre-start walk, agreed working hours, operatives' own provisions | 3×3=9 | Segregate the bathroom with a door or barrier and signage, kept shut when unattended. Agree the route and mark it, protect it with floor covering. Keep adhesive, grout, primer, sealant, tools and blades out of reach, in the bathroom or a locked van, when not in use. Tell residents that nobody enters the work area. Keep an unobstructed escape route from the landing. Agree where pets stay. Tidy and clear the route at the end of each day. Operatives stay in the work area and the agreed route only. | Medium |
| Live electrical services: mains supply to the underfloor heating, thermostat and bathroom circuits, and electric tools used in a wet room | Operatives, the electrician and household members, harmed by electric shock or burns | Final connection by a qualified electrician (18th Edition), electrical isolation permit | 3×5=15 | Electricity at Work Regulations 1989: only the qualified electrician makes the final connection, working to the electrical isolation permit with lock-off, proving dead and a tag on the isolation point. No power to the heating circuit until the electrician has connected, tested and certified it and the adhesive has cured. Use tools on a portable RCD or a 110V supply, check leads for damage before use, and keep leads and plugs off wet floors. Check for hidden cables before fixing or grinding. Operatives do not touch the consumer unit or any fixed wiring. Tell the household which circuits are off. Use insulated or non-conductive hand tools near any exposed conductors. | Medium |
| Underfloor heating mat or cable damaged during laying and tiling (cuts, crushed cable, trowel damage, heavy foot traffic) | Householder and future occupants, harmed by fire, shock or heating failure; operatives by electric shock if energised | Manufacturer's instructions, qualified electrician testing | 3×4=12 | Plan the layout and mark the cable position before laying. Never cut the heating element. Test and record resistance before laying, after laying and after the tiles are fixed, and stop and report any fault. Keep sharp tools, edges and heavy materials off the mat, use a notched trowel gently on the mat, and keep traffic to boards over the mat. Keep the mat disconnected from the supply until the electrician connects it. Knee pads and a kneeling board are used for comfort. | Low |
| Water services: existing supply and waste pipes in the bathroom, disturbed pipework and leaks, and wet slurry and water | Operatives and household members, harmed by slips, water damage to the property and electrical contact with water | Pre-start check of the stopcock location | 3×3=9 | Find the stopcock and agree isolation before work. Check for pipe runs before grinding or fixing. Do not alter plumbing. Any plumbing needs a competent plumber. Plug waste outlets while working to keep adhesive and slurry out of drains. Mop spills at once and keep electrical leads off wet areas. | Low |
| Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust from cutting and grinding ceramic and porcelain tiles and the substrate, and from mixing cement-based adhesive and grout | The two operatives doing the work, and the household members nearby breathing the dust, causing silicosis, lung disease and lung cancer over time | Wet tile cutter, on-tool extraction angle grinder | 4×4=16 | Plan the layout to reduce cuts. Use the wet cutter for straight cuts and the extracted angle grinder with an M-class or H-class vacuum on every cut, notch and grinding task. Water suppression is used on every cutting task where possible. Keep others out of the room and keep the door shut. Clean up with an H-class or M-class vacuum and damp wipes, never dry sweeping or compressed air. Mix adhesive carefully, pouring powder low and slowly. Then RPE with an assigned protection factor of at least 20 (FFP3 disposable or equivalent), face-fit tested and worn clean shaven. Controls follow the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and HSE Construction Information Sheet CIS36 'Construction dust'. The RCS workplace exposure limit is 0.1 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) in HSE EH40/2005. | Medium |
| Disturbing unidentified asbestos-containing materials when stripping, grinding, cutting or fixing into existing walls, floors, boxing or coatings (building age not stated) | Operatives and household members, harmed by breathing asbestos fibres, causing asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma years later | Operatives briefed to be vigilant | 2×5=10 | This is a check to be made, not a finding. Before work starts, check the client's asbestos register or management survey for the bathroom. If the register does not cover the area and intrusive or stripping work is planned, a refurbishment survey of the area is needed first (Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, Regulation 5). Stop-work rule: if suspect material is found, stop, keep people away, close the room and report it to R. Nowak and Mrs Aldridge before work carries on. Do not dry sweep or break up suspect material. RPE is not a substitute for the check. | Medium |
| Electric wet tile cutter: contact with the blade, electric shock in wet conditions, and spray | The operatives, from cuts, amputation or shock | Competent operatives, machine guard fitted | 3×4=12 | Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998: check the machine, guard, blade and water supply before use. Run through an RCD or use a 110V supply, with the lead and plug checked. Set up on a stable stand in a ventilated area, away from the household. Keep the guard on, never adjust the blade while running, and isolate before changing the blade or water. Only trained operatives use it. Eye protection and hearing protection as a last line. | Low |
| Angle grinder with on-tool extraction: disc burst, kickback, entanglement, cuts and sparks | The operatives, and anyone nearby, from cuts, flying fragments and eye injury | On-tool extraction, trained operatives | 3×4=12 | PUWER 1998: use a diamond disc matched to the material and the grinder's speed, check the disc for damage, keep the guard on and use two hands. Keep the cable clear of the cut. Clear others from the area. Pre-use check and a fixed storage place. Cut away from services after checking for pipes and cables. Eye or face protection, hearing protection, and gloves suited to the task as the last line. | Medium |
| Noise and hand-arm vibration from the cutter and angle grinder in a small tiled room | Operatives, causing hearing damage and hand-arm vibration syndrome; household members, from nuisance noise | Short task duration over 4 days | 3×3=9 | Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 and Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005: do the loud cutting in one block at agreed times, away from living areas and outdoors where possible. Use well-maintained tools and the lowest-vibration tool for the job. Rotate the two operatives on grinding, and take breaks. Keep the door closed. Hearing protection and anti-vibration gloves, where suitable, are secondary. | Low |
| Manual handling of boxed tiles, bags of adhesive and grout, buckets of mixed material, and the cutter, up the stairs to the first-floor bathroom | The operatives, from back and joint injury, and household members from falling loads on the stairs | Two operatives, manual handling awareness | 4×3=12 | Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992: where possible, bring in small loads and have deliveries in smaller boxes and bags. Use a trolley for the ground floor and carry only what one person can safely handle. Team lift awkward items. Mix in smaller batches. Plan the stair route and keep it clear. Take breaks and rotate heavy tasks. Gloves and safety footwear as the last line. | Medium |
| Working at low height: stepladder or low platform for upper wall tiling and finishing | The operatives, from falls and from items falling on others | Trained operatives | 3×4=12 | Work at Height Regulations 2005: use a low platform or podium or a stepladder only for short duration light work, if it is a safe place, with a three-points-of-contact rule. Check equipment before use. Set it on firm, level, dry ground, not on wet tile or loose boards. Keep the work within arm's reach and do not overreach. No ladder use by anyone else. Keep tools off the top step. | Medium |
| Skin and eye contact with wet adhesive, grout, primer and sealant (alkaline, irritant or sensitising substances) | The operatives, from dermatitis, chemical burns and eye injury | Operatives trained in basic site hygiene | 4×3=12 | Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002: check the Safety Data Sheets before use. Use ready-mixed or low-dust products where practicable. Mix with a paddle in smaller batches to avoid splashes. Keep wet material off skin, wash hands and skin often, and use a barrier cream and after-work cream. Provide an eyewash bottle in the work area. Gloves, eye protection and coveralls to the Safety Data Sheet specification as the last line. Report any skin changes to the supervisor. | Medium |
| Vapours from primer and silicone sealant in a small bathroom with limited ventilation | The operatives and household members, from headaches, dizziness and respiratory or eye irritation | Window in the bathroom | 3×3=9 | Check the Safety Data Sheets for the products. Use low-odour or solvent-free primer and sealant where possible. Keep the window open and fan running. Apply in small areas, keep lids on when not in use, and keep the household out of the room until it has cured. RPE only if the Safety Data Sheet calls for it. | Low |
| Cuts and abrasions from tile edges, broken tiles, offcuts and sharp edges | The operatives and household members, from cuts and eye injury | Operatives trained in handling tiles | 4×2=8 | Remove the sharp edges on cut tiles with a rubbing stone, put offcuts in a bucket or tough bag straight away and remove them each day. Do not leave broken tile on the floor. Keep the work area clear. Cut-resistant gloves and eye protection as backup. | Low |
| Slips, trips and falls from wet floors, adhesive, tools, leads, hoses and stored materials in a small room, the landing and stairs | The operatives, household members and visitors, from sprains, fractures and head injury | Housekeeping by operatives | 3×3=9 | Keep materials in a designated place off the walkway and not on the stairs. Run leads and hoses along walls. Wipe wet areas up at once, and keep the door shut. Do not leave tools on the floor. Clean each day. Use good lighting. Non-slip safety footwear is a secondary measure. | Low |
| Awkward postures and kneeling for long periods when laying floor tiles and underfloor heating | The operatives, from knee, back and shoulder strain | Two operatives sharing tasks | 4×2=8 | Plan the work to alternate between floor and wall tiling. Rotate tasks and take regular breaks. Use a kneeling board and knee pads, and a long-handled tool where possible. Set up the materials at a comfortable height. Stretch before work. Tell the supervisor about any pain. | Medium |